Medieval Indian History Handwritten Notes Pdf New Here

Power fragmented into vibrant regional states, most notably the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire and the Islamic Bahmani Kingdom in the Deccan.

Fixed the prices of all essential commodities (grains, cloth, horses). He established distinct markets overseen by a controller called the Shahna-i-Mandi .

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Devotion to a formless, omnipresent divine entity. Prominent saints included Kabir (weaving verses attacking religious hypocrisy) and Guru Nanak (founder of Sikhism, emphasizing equality and community kitchens or Langar ).

Broken the power of the Chahalgani. He ruled with an iron fist through his policy of "Blood and Iron." He introduced the Persian court rituals of Sijda (prostration) and Paibos (kissing the Sultan's feet) to elevate the status of the monarchy. The Khalji Dynasty (1290 – 1320 CE) Alauddin Khalji’s Centralized Reforms: medieval indian history handwritten notes pdf new

Dominated western India and the Upper Gangetic valley. Acted as a bulwark against early Arab incursions.

Exclusive assembly of Brahmin landholders ( Agraharas ).

Token Currency: Introduced copper/brass coins tokenized to match the value of silver coins ( Tankas ). Counterfeiting became rampant because the state failed to monopolize the mints.

Focus on Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish (introduction of the Iqta system and Chahalgani), and Balban’s theory of kingship. Power fragmented into vibrant regional states, most notably

The military linchpin of the empire. The King granted land parcels ( Amaram ) to military commanders ( Palaiyakarrars or Nayakas ) in exchange for maintaining a fixed contingent of troops and collecting revenue.

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A brilliant administrator who built the Grand Trunk Road , introduced the silver coin called Rupia , and laid down a land assessment system based on actual crop yields ( Ray ), which later served as the blueprint for Akbar. Broken the power of the Chahalgani

For over two centuries, three major dynasties clashed for control over the prized city of in the Indo-Gangetic plains, which symbolized imperial sovereignty:

of any particular dynasty, or are you looking for notes in a specific language like Hindi?

: Cholas, Vijayanagara, Bahamani, and the Maratha administration. Religious Movements : Comprehensive notes on Bhakti, Sufi, and Sikh traditions. specific breakdown